Richard Swinburne on the Concept of Religion
To investigate the point of pursuing a religious way, we need some understanding of what is a ‘religion’. This concept may be understood in ways varying from a very narrow understanding to a very broad understanding. One may understand a religion as a pursuit which involves worship of a God and an attempt to conform to his will. But such an understanding would rule out some forms of Buddhism, in which worship of a God has little importance. Or one can understand a religion as any pursuit which dominates the life of many men and cements them together in a common dedication to an aim. On this understanding not merely Christianity and Buddhism, but Marxism and Fascism become religions. I shall adopt an understanding of religion which includes Buddhism as a religion but excludes Marxism. I believe that such an understanding conforms best to ordinary usage. It sounds odd to call Marxism a ‘religion’; religion is supposed to have some concern with extra-mundane entities and goals. It will be useful to me to conform to normal usage because the points of pursuing a Christian way and a Buddhist way have certain similarities, whereas the point of pursuing a Marxist way is rather different.
(Richard Swinburne, Faith and Reason [Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981], 128)